Simon Property Group, Inc. Simon Property Group, L.P. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts and where indicated as in millions or billions)
Concentration of Credit Risk Our U.S. Malls, Premium Outlets, and The Mills rely upon anchor tenants to attract customers; however, anchors do not contribute materially to our financial results as many anchors own their spaces. All material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant accounts for 5% or more of our consolidated revenues.
11. Related Party Transactions Transactions with Affiliates
Our management company provides office space and legal, human resource administration, property specific financing and other support services to Melvin Simon & Associates, Inc., or MSA, a related party, for which we received a fee of $0.6 million in each of 2023, 2022 and 2021. In addition, pursuant to management agreements that provide for our receipt of a management fee and reimbursement of our direct and indirect costs, we have managed since 1993 two shopping centers owned by entities in which David Simon and Herbert Simon have ownership interests, for which we received a fee of $3.9 million, $3.8 million, and $3.5 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Transactions with Unconsolidated Joint Ventures As described in Note 2, our management company provides management, insurance, and other services to certain unconsolidated joint ventures. Amounts received for such services were $121.2 million, $112.1 million, and $102.1 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. During 2023, 2022, and 2021, we recorded development, royalty, and other fee income, net of elimination, related to our unconsolidated international joint ventures of $13.3 million, $12.1 million, and $12.4 million, respectively. The fees related to our international investments are included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Neither MSA, David Simon, or Herb Simon have an ownership interest in any of our unconsolidated joint ventures, except through their ownership interests in the Company or the Operating Partnership. We have investments in retailers including J.C. Penney and SPARC Group, and these retailers are lessees at certain of our operating properties. Lease income from the date of our investments in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income related to these retailers was $101.8 million, $83.8 million, and $82.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, net of elimination.
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